1) Model runs used
step 1 (Delworth et al. 2006) presenting a limited-volume dynamical key (Lin 2004) which have a horizontal solution of about dos° latitude and you can 24 straight account. The fresh atmospheric design are combined to help you an effective slab water with spatially uniform depth. Five outfit people which have recommended sea depths out of dos.cuatro, 6, a dozen, 24, and fifty yards try assessed contained in this data. The newest design are forced by seasonally different insolation that have zero eccentricity and you may ° obliquity, and is work with to own twenty years, sufficient to gather towards the a constant climatology. The latest design climatology are extracted from the last five years of the new integrations.
2) Efficiency
The seasonal migration of the ITCZ off the equator has a larger amplitude for shallower ocean depths (Fig. 8) and PPenny reaches as far as 21° in the 2.4-m slab depth run as compared to 3° in the 50-m slab depth run. This behavior is expected because the adjustment time scale of a 50-m-deep ocean to solar heating is on the order of one year (Donohoe 2011) as compared to weeks for 2.4-m-deep ocean. Thus, the SSTs barely adjust to the seasonally varying insolation in the 50-m run while the maximum SST moves seasonally with the insolation in the 2.4-m run.
(top) Regular set of rain centroid and you will atmospheric heat transport over the equator from the slab sea aquaplanet simulations with each simulation (sea breadth) supplied by a different sort of colour. The regular variety try double the fresh amplitude of one’s yearly harmonic each and every adjustable as well as the mountain of your line ‘s the regression coefficient of your own monthly research. The fresh black colored asterisks is the monthly findings together with strong black line is the seasonal a number of the observations. (bottom) Since within greatest, but for rain centroid and you may exotic SST gradient.
(top) Seasonal list of rain centroid and you will atmospheric heat transportation over the equator from the slab ocean aquaplanet simulations with each simulation (ocean depth) offered by an alternate colour. New regular variety try double the fresh amplitude of your own yearly harmonic each and every variable additionally the slope of one’s line ‘s the regression coefficient of month-to-month study. Brand new black colored asterisks could be the month-to-month findings therefore the solid black colored range ‘s the seasonal range of brand new findings. (bottom) As from the ideal, but for precipitation centroid and you can tropical SST gradient.
(top) Seasonal directory of rain centroid and you may atmospheric heat transport along the equator about slab water aquaplanet simulations with each simulator (sea breadth) offered by an alternative color. The brand new regular assortment is actually double the fresh new amplitude of one’s annual harmonic of each and every variable and also the mountain of range is the regression coefficient of your own month-to-month investigation. Brand new black asterisks will be monthly observations together with solid black range ‘s the seasonal list of the fresh new findings. (bottom) Since the at finest, however for precipitation centroid and exotic SST gradient.
The seasonal amplitude of AHTEQ also decreases with increasing hookup sites free ocean depth, from 11.6 PW in the 2.4-m run to 0.5 PW in the 50-m run. In the shallow ocean run, the SSTs respond rapidly to the seasonally varying insolation, heating up over the summer hemisphere and subsequently fluxing energy upward (via turbulent and longwave fluxes) to the adjacent atmosphere to drive seasonal variations in AHTEQ; in the 2.4-m run ?SHF? is nearly in phase with the insolation (11-day lag) and has a seasonal amplitude of 11.6 PW. In contrast, the solar heating of the ocean makes a minimal impact on ocean temperatures in the deep ocean runs due to the large heat capacity of the ocean. In fact, SWABS is the only source of seasonal atmospheric heating in the 50-m run and the atmosphere loses energy to the ocean during the warm season; in the 50-m run ?SHF? is nearly antiphased with the insolation (192-day lag) and has a seasonal amplitude of 3.7 PW.