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Table 2. For males, level of tunes analysed is provided because total number therefore the set of songs analysed for each and every private inside the mounts. For men, quantity of colony internet equal the number of males registered, for women, they signifies the number of nests at which i seen him or her. Male sound attributes was averaged on the individual height in advance of figuring brand new shown research. Suggest ± SD | Average is given to the quantity of pulses each sound, years, heartrate and you may dominating volume
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Profile step three. Several pulse songs created by the brand new corkwing wrasse. Wave form (top) and you can involved spectrogram (below). (a) Grunt from a beneficial territorial men corkwing wrasse. (b) Strong grunt off a great territorial men corkwing wrasse. (c) Grunt off a lady corkwing wrasse. Spectrogram options: fifty dB dynamic range, Hamming windows (elevated sine-squared), 0.008 s window length (female and male grunt), 0.08 s screen duration (men strong grunt)
Profile 3. Multiple pulse tunes developed by this new corkwing wrasse. Wave form (top) and associated spectrogram (below). (a) Grunt regarding an effective territorial men corkwing wrasse. (b) Strong grunt out of a beneficial territorial male corkwing wrasse. (c) Grunt away from a lady corkwing wrasse. Spectrogram setup: 50 dB active diversity, Hamming window (elevated sine-squared), 0.008 s screen length (male and female grunt), 0.08 s windows duration (men strong grunt)
Because of the different structure of grunts and deep grunts, we only compared the sound properties daten met dominican cupid statistically, which were the same in both types of grunt, i.e. dominant frequency and duration. The two male grunt types differ significantly from each other in both propertiespared to deep grunts, male grunts are of a shorter duration (t-test: t = 5.44, P < 0.001, CI = ?0.47–1.09). The dominant frequency is higher in male grunts than in male deep grunts (Mann Whitney U test: W = 0, N1 = 17, N2 = 11, P < 0.001). Table 2 presents all measured sound properties for comparison.
Compared to male grunts, female grunts had a significantly lower pulse-rate (t-test: t = -6.71, P < 0.0001, CI = -- -). Grunts of males and females had a similar dominant frequency (t-test: t = 1.38, P = 0.17, CI = -0.05- 0.26), duration (t-test: t = 0.47, P = 0.64, CI = -0.19- 0.26), and number of pulses (Mann Whitney U test: W = 302, N1 = 17, N2 = 35, P = 0.94).
Single-heartbeat tunes
Your selection of certainly assignable clicks lead to the study out-of 102 men ticks out of 29 clips out of 19 anyone and you can 66 females ticks out of 20 films within nests out-of fourteen boys. Your choice of certainly assignable plops contributed to the research away from 73 male plops of 28 videos regarding 18 video and you will 66 women plops from 21 videos at nests of fourteen men. Averaging male music for each and every personal men lead to a sample sized letter = 18 to own presses, and you can n = 17 to own plops.
Clicks are sharp, single-pulse broadband sounds with their main energy in a frequency range of several hundred Hz, while the sound pressure level difference across the harmonics are small (Figure 4(a), Table 3). The dominant frequency of clicks was significantly higher in males than in females (Mann Whitney U test: W = 409, N1 = 35, N2 = 66, P = 0.04). However, there were some female clicks for which the dominant frequency was much higher than in most clicks (up to 7200 Hz). We did not see any technical reason to exclude these outliers from the analysis. Clicks did not differ between males and females in the sound pressure level difference between dominant frequency and its 5 th harmonic (t-test: tforty eight.4 = 0.84, P = 0.40, CI = ?2.17–5.31).